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Table 3 Change in pulmonary function after 60 days

From: Clinical characteristics and effects of inhaled corticosteroid in patients with post-COVID-19 chronic cough during the Omicron variant outbreak

  

ICS group

NICS group

p value

  

n = 35

n = 32

 

VCMAX%

Baseline

94.7 ± 10.0

94.8 ± 11.5

0.955

Day 60

98.0 ± 10.7

96.1 ± 11.0

0.475

 

(p’ = 0.001) b

(p’ = 0.123)

 

Change

2.3 (− 1.1, 5.9)

0.5 (− 1.1, 4.4)

0.192

FEV1%

Baseline

91.4 ± 11.2

91.2 ± 12.4

0.941

Day 60

95.9 ± 11.9

92.6 ± 12.5

0.269

 

(p’ = 0.001) b

(p’ = 0.068)

 

Change

3.9 (1.5, 6.9)

1.7 (− 0.4, 3.1)

0.007a

FEV1/FVC

Baseline

79.5 ± 5.9

80.0 ± 7.9

0.773

Day 60

81.4 ± 5.4

79.8 ± 6.7

0.284

 

(p’ < 0.001) b

(p’ = 0.721)

 

Change

1.6 (0.5, 3.1)

0.8 (− 1.5, 1.3)

0.001a

MMEF%

Baseline

68.4 ± 19.5

68.9 ± 22.8

0.928

Day 60

77.6 ± 18.1

70.6 ± 22.4

0.163

 

(p’ < 0.001) b

(p’ = 0.096)

 

Change

9.8 (3.8, 12.0)

2.2 (− 1.9, 5.8)

0.000a

MVV %

Baseline

82.3 ± 16.7

82.2 ± 14.9

0.996

Day 60

92.9 ± 17.4

87.9 ± 16.9

0.230

 

(p’ < 0.001) b

(p’ = 0.001) b

 

Change

10.7 (4.1, 16.9)

3.5 (1.8, 9.2)

0.013a

  

n = 34

n = 31

 

FeNO50,

ppb

Baseline

19.5 (13.5, 26.5)

15.0 (12.0, 22.0)

0.161

Day 60

15.5 (11.8, 21.5)

14.0 (12.0, 21.0)

0.843

 

(p’ < 0.001) b

(p’ = 0.215)

 

Change

−3.0 (− 7.0, − 0.0)

−1.0 (− 2.8, 1.0)

0.041a

FeNO200,

ppb

Baseline

8.5 (6.0, 11.5)

8.0 (7.0, 12.0)

0.974

Day 60

7.5 (7.0, 11.5)

9.0 (6.0, 11.0)

0.521

 

(p’ = 0.100)

(p’ = 0.280)

 

Change

−1.0 (− 4.0, 1.3)

0.0 (− 2.8, 1.8)

0.647

CaNO,

ppb

Baseline

4.1 (1.9, 5.3)

4.8 (2.7, 5.0)

0.482

Day 60

3.3 (2.8, 4.3)

4.0 (3.1, 4.8)

0.229

 

(p’ = 0.064)

(p’ = 0.098)

 

Change

−1.1 (-2.2, 0.8)

−0.5 (− 2.3, 0.8)

0.857

BPT

 

n = 30

n = 30

 

Positive

Baseline

29 (96.7%)

26 (86.7%)

0.350

Day 60

17 (56.7%)

20 (66.7%)

0.302

 

(p’ < 0.001) b

(p’ = 0.067)

 

Change

12 (41.4%)

6 (23.1%)

0.149

  1. VCMAX%, MMEF%, and MVV% of predicted and FEV1/FVC in two visits are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The FeNO50 value and change between two visits are expressed as median (interquartile range). Bronchial provocation test is expressed as frequency (percentage). VC: vital capacity; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second; MMEF: maximal mid-expiratory flow; MVV: maximal ventilatory volume; NO: nitric oxide; FeNO50: exhaled NO at a flow rate of 50 mL/s; FeNO200: exhaled NO at a flow rate of 200 mL/s; CaNO: concentration of alveolar NO; BPT: bronchial provocation test ICS: inhaled corticosteroid group; NICS: non-inhaled corticosteroid group
  2. P value: ICS group versus NICS group; p’: day 60 versus baseline. a Significant difference between ICS group and NICS group; b Significant difference between day 60 and baseline